Bibliography

Books

Apel, Willi. Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969.

Bascom, William R. and Melville J. Herskovits. Continuity and Change in African Cultures. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1959.

Blacking, John. Venda Children’s Songs. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1967.

Buchner, Alexander. Folk Music Instruments. Prague: Artia, 1972.

Buxton, David. Travels in Ethiopia. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1967.

Dempsey, James. Mission on the Nile. London: Burns and Oates, 1955.

Deng, Francis Mading. The Dinka and Their Songs. London: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1973.

Doresse, Jean. Ethiopia, Ancient Cities and Temples. Translated from the French by Elsa Coult. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1959.

Ellman, Antony O. An Agricultural and Socio-Economic Survey of South Sudan Refugee Settlements and Surrounding Areas in Gambela, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Institute of Agricultural Research, 1972.

Evans-Pritchard, E. E. Essays in Social Anthropology. London: Faber and Faber, 1962.

Fraser, Douglas and Cole, Herbert M., Editors. African Art and Leadership. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.

Gaskin, L. J. P. A Select Bibliography of Music in Africa. London: International African Institute, 1965.

Gillis, Frank and Merriam, Alan P. Ethnomusicology and Folk Music: An International Bibliography of Dissertations and Theses. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1966.

Greenfield, Richard. Ethiopia: A New Political History. Revised. London: Pall Mall Press, 1967.

Herskovits, Melville J. The Human Factor in Changing Africa. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Hess, Robert L. Ethiopia: The Modernization of Autocracy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970.

Hobley, C. W. Eastern Uganda: An Ethnological Survey. London: Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1902.

Jenkins, Jean, Editor. Ethnic Musical Instruments. London: The International Council of Museums, Published with the help of UNESCO, 1970.

Johnson, Harry. The Uganda Protectorate, Volume II. London: Hutchinson and Co., 1904.

Kaplan, Irving; Farber, Mark; et al. Area Handbook for Ethiopia. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

Levine, Donald N. Wax and Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1965.

Lipsky, George A. with Wendell Blanchard, Abraham Hirsch, and Bela Maday. Ethiopia: Its People, Its Society, Its Culture. New Haven: HRAF Press, 1962.

Machlis, Joseph and Kristine Forney. The Enjoyment of Music. Sixth Edition. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1990.

Malm, William P. Music Cultures of the Pacific, the Near East and Asia. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1967.

Merriam, Alan P. The Anthropology of Music. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1968.

_____. Ethnomusicology of the Flathead Indians. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.

Murdock, George Peter. Africa: Its People and Their Cultural History. New York: McGraw-Hill Co., 1959.

Nettl, Bruno. Theory and Method in Ethnomusicology. London: The Free Press of Glencoe, Collier-Macmillan, Ltd., 1964.

Nketia, J. H. Ethnomusicology in Ghana. Accra: Ghana Universities Press, 1970.

_____. The Music of Africa. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1974.

Opap, Okoth Owity. Unsung Giants: Who Fought to Keep Africa Free. Juba, South Sudan: Africa World Books, 2020.

Ottenberg, Simon and Phoebe Ottenberg, Editors. Cultures and Societies of Africa. New York: Random House, 1968.

Pankhurst, Sylvia. Ethiopia: A Cultural History. Woodford Green, Essex: Lalibela House, 1955.

Perham, Margery. The Government of Ethiopia. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1969.

Powne, Michael. Ethiopian Music: An Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.

Rasmusson, Joel. Welcome to Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Artistic Printers, Ltd., undated.

Sachs, Curt. Rhythm and Tempo. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1953.

_____. The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, East and West. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1943.

_____. The Wellsprings of Music. Edited by Jaap Kunst, The Hague: Martinis Nijhoff, 1962.

Seligman, C. G. and Brenda Z. Seligman. Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd., 1932.

Shack, William A. The Gurage: A People of the Ensete Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.

Sommer, John W. A Study Guide for Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. Boston: African Studies Center, 1969.

Southall, A. Lineage Formation among the Luo. International African Institute, Memorandum 26. London: Oxford University Press, 1952.

Standifer, James A. and Barbara Reeder. Source Book of African and Afro-American Materials for Music Educators. Music Educators National Conference, 1972.

Thieme, Darius L. African Music: A Briefly Annotated Bibliography. Washington: Library of Congress Reference Department, Music Division, 1964.

Tintori, Giampiero. Gli Strumenti Musicali. Torino: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, 1971.

Tippett, Alan R. Peoples of Southwest Ethiopia. South Pasadena, California: William Carey Library, 1970.

Trowell, Margaret and K. P. Wachsmann. Tribal Crafts of Uganda. New York: Oxford University Press, 1953.

Tucker, A. N. The Eastern Sudanic Languages, Volume I. New York: Oxford University Press, 1940.

_____ and M. A. Bryan. The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. Handbook of African Languages, Part 3. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.

Ullendorff, Edward. The Ethiopians: An Introduction to Country and People. New York: Oxford University Press, 1961.

Varley, Douglas H., compiler. African Native Music: An Annotated Bibliography. London: Royal Empire Society, 1936.

Wachsmann, Klaus P., ed. Essays on Music and History in Africa. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1971.

Wallaschek, Richard. Primitive Music. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1893.

Westermann, Diedrich. The Shilluk People: Their Language and Folklore. Philadelphia: The Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, 1912.

Wilson, G. M. African Homicide and Suicide. Paul J. Bohannan, Ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960.

Articles, Book Chapters, and Reports

Anderson, Lois Ann. “The Interrelation of African and Arab Musics: Some Preliminary Considerations.” Essays on Music and History in Africa, Klaus P. Wachsmann, ed., 143-169. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1971.

Aning, B. A. “Varieties of African Music and Musical Types.” The Black Perspective in Music, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 1973): 16-23.

Bacon, Colonel C. R. K. “Kingship Among the Anuak.” Sudan Notes and Records (1921): iv.

_____. “The Anuak.” Sudan Notes and Records (1922): v.

Bebey, Francis. “The Vibrant Intensity of Traditional African Music.” The Black Perspective in Music, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Fall 1974): 117-121.

Blum, Stephen. “Toward a Social History of Musicological Technique.” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 19, No. 2 (May 1975): 207-231.

Borgstrom, Georg. “The Numbers Force us into a World Like None in History.” Smithsonian, Vol. 7, No. 4 (July 1976): 71-77.

Boulton, Laura. “The Laura Boulton Collection of World Music and Musical Instruments.” College Music Symposium, Vol. 14 (Fall 1974): 127-130.

Breeden, James P. “Education for Self-Reliant African Socialism: The Relevance of School in Tanzania.” Harvard Graduate School of Education Association Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring/Summer 1976): 7-9.

Butt, Audrey. “The Nilotes of the Anglo Egyptian Sudan and Uganda.” Ethnographic Survey of Africa, East Central Africa, Part IV. London: International African Institute, 1952.

Cerulli, Ernesta. “Peoples of South-West Ethiopia and its Borderland.” Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Part III. Daryll Forde, ed. London: International African Institute, 1956.

“Church of Christ in the Upper Nile, The.” Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, 1957.

Clauson, Raymond. “On Music.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 19 (1967): 133-134.

Cope, Trevor. “African Music, A Lecture Given at Natal University.” African Music, Vol. 2, No. 2 (1959): 33-41.

“Dawn in the Dark Continent: Polities, Problems, Promises.” Journal of Human Relations, Vol. 8, Nos. 3-4 (Spring and Summer, 1960).

Eisenstadt, S. N. “African Age Groups: A Comparative Study.” Africa, Vol. 24, No. 1 (January 1954): 100-113.

Ekwueme, Lazarus. “African Music Retentions in the New World.” The Black Perspective in Music, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Fall 1974): 128-144.

Elschek, Oskar. “On Music.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 19 (1967): 134-135.

“Ethiopia.” Encyclopedia Britannica, Macropaedia. Fifteenth Edition. London: Encyclopedia Britannica Incorporated, 1976.

Evans-Pritchard, E. E. “A Note on Ghostly Vengeance Among the Anuak of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.” The Position of Women in Primitive Societies and Other Essays in Social Anthropology, 252-255. New York: The Free Press, 1965.

_____. “The Sacrificial Role of Cattle Among the Nuer.” Cultures and Societies of Africa, Simon Ottenberg, ed., 388-405. New York: Random House, 1968.

Fage, John D. “Music and History: A Historian’s View of the African Picture.” Essays on Music and History in Africa, Klaus Wachsmann, ed., 257-266. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1971.

Goines, Leonard. “Musics of Africa South of the Sahara.” Music Educators Journal, Vol. 59, No. 2 (October 1972): 46-51.

Hailey, Lord. “African Music.” An African Survey, 67-72. New York: Oxford University Press, 1957.

Herndon, Marcia, “Analysis: The Herding of Sacred Cows?” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 18, No. 2 (May 1974): 219-262.

Herzog, George. “Speech, Melody and Primitive Music.” Musical Quarterly, Vol. 20 (October 1934): 466.

Hood, Mantle. “Musical Significance.” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 7, No. 3, (September 1963): 187-192.

Howell, P. P. “The Shilluk Settlement.” Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. 24 (1941).

Human Resource Area File Guide. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois.

Human Resource Area File Outline of Cultural Materials. Urbana, Illinois, University of Illinois.

Huntingford, G. W. B. “Nandi Age-Sets.” Cultures and Societies of Africa, Simon Ottenberg, ed., 214-226. New York: Random House, 1968.

Hyslop, Graham. “Music and Education in Africa,” Composer, No. 19 (Spring 1966): 22-25.

International Human Rights Law Clinic Washington College of Law. The Anuak of Gambella, Ethiopia. Washington, D.C.: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations), March 2007.

Jones, A. M. “African Music in Northern Rhodesia and Some Other Places.” Cited on pages 11-12 of Continuity and Change in African Cultures, William R. Bascom and Melville J. Herskovits, eds. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1959.

_____. “African Rhythm.” Africa, Vol. 24, No. 1 (January 1954): 26-47.

_____. “Blue Notes and Hot Rhythm.” African Music Society Newsletter (June, 1951). Cited on page 10 of Continuity and Change in African Cultures, William R. Bascom and Melville J. Herskovits, eds. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1959.

_____. “East and West, North and South.”  African Music, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1954): 57-62.

_____. “On Transcribing African Music.” African Music, Vol. 2, No. 1 (1958): 11-14.

_____. “Various.” (Review) Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 19 (1967): 142.

Klotman, Phyllis and Robert H. Klotman. “Impressions of Music Education in East Africa.” Music Educators Journal, Vol. 59, No. 2 (October 1972): 105-106.

Koetting, James. “Analysis and Notation of West African Drum Ensemble Music.” Selected Reports, Vol. 1, No 3 (1970): 116-146.

Kubik, Gerhard. “Generic Names for the Mbira.” African Music, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1964): 25-36.

Kutter, Wilhelm. “Radio as the Destroyer, Collector and Restorer of Folk Music.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 9 (1957): 34-37.

Lienhardt, Godfrey. “Anuak Village Headmen.” Africa, Vol. 27, No. 4 (October 1957): 341-355.

_____. “The Shilluk of the Upper Nile.” African Worlds, Daryll Forde, ed. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute, 1954.

Little, Charles E. “Atlanta Renewal Gives Power to the Communities.” Smithsonian, Vol. 7, No. 4 (July 1976): 100-107.

Louw, Johan K. “The Use of African Music in the Church.” African Music, Vol. 1, No. 3 (1956): 43-44.

Martin, György, “Dance Types in Ethiopia,” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 19 (1967): 23-27.

McGinty, Doris Evans. “African Tribal Music: A Study of Transition.” Journal of Human Relations, Vol. 8, Nos. 3-4 (Spring and Summer 1960): 739-748.

Merriam, Alan P. “African Music.” Continuity and Change in African Cultures, William R. Bascom and Melville J. Herskovits, eds., 49-86. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1959.

_____. “African Music Reexamined in the Light of New Materials from the Belgian Congo and Ruanda Urundi.” Zaïre, Belgian African Review, Vol. 7, No. 3 (March 1953): 245-253.

_____. “Characteristics of African Music.” (Abridged) Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11 (1959): 13-19.

_____. “Purposes of Ethnomusicology: An Anthropolitical View.” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 7, No. 3 (September 1963): 206-213.

Metho, Obang. “The Anuak Massacre of 2003: The Ethiopian Government Attacks an ethnic group listed by Cultural Survival in 1984 as endangered!” Testimony to the United States House subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Operations. March 28, 2006. http://www.anuakjustice.org/doc_house_testimony.htm.

Moore, Michael. “The Seeger Melograph Model C.” Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (1974): 3-13.

“Music in World Cultures: A Glossary.” Music Educators Journal, Vol. 59, No. 2 (October 1972): 126-133.

Nettl, Bruno. “Historical Aspects of Ethnomusicology.” American Anthropologist, (In notes), (1958): 60.

_____. “Music of Black Africa.” Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents, Second Edition, H. Wiley Hitchcock, ed., 125-151. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.

Nketia, J. H. Kwabena, “African Music.” Peoples and Cultures of Africa, Elliott Skinner, ed., 580-599. Garden City, New York: The Double Day/Natural History Press, 1973.

_____. “Artistic Values in African Music.” Composer, No. 19 (Spring 1966): 16-19.

_____. “Drums, Dance and Song.” Atlantic, Vol. 203, No. 4 (April 1959): 69-72.

_____. “History and the Organization of Music in West Africa.” Essays on Music and History in Africa, Klaus Wachsmann, ed., 3-25. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1971.

_____. “The Music of Africa.” The Journal of Human Relations (1960): 730-738.

_____. “The Problem of Meaning in African Music.” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 6, No. 1 (January 1962): 1-7.

_____. “The Study of African and Afro-American Music.” The Black Perspective in Music, Vol. 1, No 1 (Spring 1973): 7-15.

Omibiyi, Mosunmola. “Folk Music and Dance in African Education.” Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. IV (1972): 87-94.

_____. “The Task of the Music Educator in Africa.” The Black Perspective in Music, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 1973): 37-44.

“Perspectives.” Harvard Graduate School of Education Association Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring/Summer 1976): 1.

Raglan, Lord. “The Nilotic Tribes of the Egyptian Soudan.”  Man, Vol. 31 (February 1931): 25.

Rhodes, Willard, “Changing Times.” African Music, Vol. 2, No. 2 (1959): 6-9.

_____. “Music as an Agent of Political Expression.” African Studies Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 2 (May 1962): 14-22.

Schuyler, Philippa. “The Music of Modern Africa.” Music Journal, Vol. 18, No. 7 (October 1960): 18.

Schwadron, Abraham A. “Music Education and Ethnomusicology: A Ph. D. Program at UCLA.” College Music Symposium, Vol. 13 (Fall 1973): 70-72.

Seeger, Charles. “On the Tasks of Musicology.” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 7, No. 3 (September 1963): 214-215.

_____. “World Musics in American Schools: A Challenge to be Met.” Music Educators Journal, Vol. 59, No. 2 (October 1972): 107-111.

Smith, M. G. “The Social Functions and Meaning of Hausa Praise-Singing.” Africa, Vol. 27, No. 1 (January 1957): 26-43.

Southern, Eileen. Review of African Music, by UNESCO. The Black Perspective in Music, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Fall 1973): 178-181.

Thieme, Darius L. “Research in African Music: Accomplishments and Prospects.” Ethnomusicology, Vol. 7, No. 3 (September 1963): 266-271.

_____. “A Selected Bibliography of Periodical Articles on the Music of the Native Peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa.” African Music, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1962): 103-109.

_____. “Three Yoruba Members of the Mbira-Sanza Family.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 19 (1967): 42-47.

Tracey, Andrew, “The Original African Mbira?” African Music, Vol. 5, No. 2 (1972): 85-104.

Tracey, Hugh. “Summary, African Music Within its Social Setting.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11 (1959): 23-24.

_____. “The Arts in Africa: The Visual and the Aural.” African Music, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1962): 20-32.

_____. “Measuring African Scales.” African Music, Vol. 4, No. 3 (1969): 73-77.

_____. “The Social Role of African Music.” African Affairs, Vol. 53, No. 212 (July 1954): 234-241.

_____. “Towards an Assessment of African Scales.” African Music, Vol. 2, No. 1 (1958): 15-20.

Trimilios, Ricardo D. “Expanding Music Experiences to Fit Today’s World: A Conceptual Approach to Ethnic Music Offers Students Valid Alternatives.” Music Educators Journal, Vol. 59, No. 2 (October 1972): 90-94.

Tucker, A. N. “Children’s Games and Songs in the Southern Sudan.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 63 (January – June 1933): 165-187.

_____. “Music in the Southern Sudan.” Man, Vol. 32 (January 1932): 18-19.

_____. “Some Aspects of Primitive Dancing from the Southern Sudan.” Man, Vol. 33, No. 206 (December 1933): 197-198.

“The Value of African Culture.” Notes and News. African Music, Vol. 2, No. 2 (1959): 81.

Von Hornbostel, E. M. “African Negro Music.” Africa, Vol. 1, No. 1 (January 1928): 30-62.

_____. “The Ethnology of African Sound-Instruments.” Africa, Vol. 6, (1933): 129-157, 277-311.

Wachsmann, Klaus. “Criteria for Acculturation.” Report of the Eighth Congress of the International Musicological Society New York, 1961. Vol. 1, 139-149. Kassel: Barenreiter-Verlag, 1961.

_____. “Negritude in Music.” Composer, No. 19 (Spring 1966): 12-16.

_____. Review of Studies in African Music, by A. M. Jones. Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 12 (1960): 90-91.

_____. “The Sociology of Recording in Africa South of the Sahara.” African Music, Vol. 2, No. 2 (1959): 77-79.

_____. “The Trend of Musicology in Africa.” Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1966): 61-65.

“Youth Action Alert: Ethiopia.” Cultural Survival Quarterly. March 2012.

Unpublished Materials

Anderson, J., William Miller. “A Theoretical and Practical Inquiry into the Teaching of Music from Java and India in American Elementary Schools.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1970.

Card, Caroline E. “The Music of the Tuareg Tribes of the Central and Southern Sahara.” Unpublished M.A. dissertation, The City University of New York, 1973.

Carter, Warrick Livingston. “Ethnic Music as a Source for the Musical Development and Enrichment of Culturally Different Students in General Music Classes.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Michigan State University, 1970.

Ekwueme, Lazarus Edward Nayeli. “Ibo Choral Music—Its Theory and Practice.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Yale University, 1972.

Euper, JoAnn. “A Study of the Relationships Between Group Musical Experience and Social Integration in Six Honduran Communities.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Kansas, 1973.

Foley, Rolla. “Work Songs of the Arab.” A Report of a Type C Project, Ed. D., Teacher’s College, Columbia University, 1956.

Greenberg, Marvin. “Music Education in Israel in its Cultural and Educational Contexts: A survey with Recommendations for Future Growth.” Unpublished Ed. D. dissertation Columbia University, 1962.

Harvey, Arthur Wallace. “Abraham Maslow: Implications for the Development of Creative Music Educators.” Unpublished D. M. A. dissertation, Temple University, 1974.

Lau, Cheryl Ann. “An Inquiry into the Traditional Music of Tahiti and Its Pedagogy.” Unpublished D. M. A. dissertation, University of Oregon, 1971.

Mbabi-Katana, Solomon. “Proposed Music Curriculum for First Eight Years of Schooling in Uganda.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1972.

McLeod, Norma. “Some Techniques of Analysis for Non-Western Music.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1966.

Merriam, Alan. “Songs of the Afro-Bahian Cults: An Ethnomusicological Analysis.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1951.

Ofei, Patrick Sakyi. “A Basis for the Development of a Music Curriculum for Ghanian Elementary Schools.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Colorado, 1973.

Okimoto, Ray Ichiro. “Folk Music of the Dominant Immigrant Cultures of Hawaii as Resources for Junior High School General Music.” Unpublished Ed. D. dissertation, George Peabody College for Teachers, 1974.

Omibiyi, Mosunmola Ayinke. “A Model of African Music Curriculum for Elementary Schools in Nigeria.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1972.

Rhodes, Robert William. “Selected Hopi Secular Music: Transcription and Analysis.” Unpublished Ed. D. dissertation, Arizona State University, 1973.

Steele, Rebecca Walker. “Music Education Guidelines for a Multi-Ethnic Humanities Program.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, The Florida State University, 1975.

Templin, Carl. “Christometric Development Education.” Unpublished monograph, Pokwo, Ethiopia: American Mission, August, 1971.

Thieme, Darius L. “A descriptive catalogue of Yoruba Musical Instruments.” Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, The Catholic University of America, 1969.

Interviews

Akway, Henry. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, September 30, 1972.

Alemo, Agwa. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, June, 1972.

_____. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, December 27, 1972.

_____ and Paul Abulla. Interviews by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, July, 1972.

Lustad, Marie. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, July 1, 1972.

McClure, Donald. Interview by the author, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November 3, 1973.

Metho, Obang. Telephone interview by the author, Shoreview, Minnesota (USA), April 15, 2021.

Ochan, Omot. Video interview by Mark Henderson, Saint Paul, Minnesota (USA), November 7, 2020.

Ojulo, Paul Nyinyoni. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, August 2, 1972.

Reimer, Niles. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, January 4, 1973.

Templin, Carl. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, July 6, 1972.

Yilek, Joan. Interview by the author, Pokwo, Ethiopia, July 26, 1972.