26 Strategy: Documenting Sources at the End of Your Paper
Every cited source from your essay should appear in your References page, which comes at the end of the essay.
The References page must conform to the following rules:
- Begin on a separate page at the end of your essay, using the same format as your essay (i.e., one-inch margins, running head, and page number).
- Entries in your list of references should be alphabetized by the authors’ last names. Use the title, if a work does not have an author.
- Center the word References at the top of the page.
- Double-space all references.
Single Author
Elements: Author’s last name, Author’s first and middle initials. (Year of publication). Title italicized. Place of publication: Publisher.
Larson, M. S. (1977). The rise of professionalism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Multiple Authors (two to seven)
List up to seven authors by their last names followed by initials. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author.
Rivano, N. S., Hoson, A., & Stallings, B. (2001). Regional integration and economic development. New York, NY: Palgrave.
Online Book
Elements: Author’s last name, Author’s first and middle initials, & Last names and initials of other authors, if any. (Year of publication). Title of the book italicized. Retrieved from URL to the full text ebook or to the distributor’s homepage
Austen, J. (1813). Pride and prejudice. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1342
Journal Articles with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Assigned to Some Articles
Elements: Author’s last name, Author’s first and middle initials, & Last names and initials of other authors, if any. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal italicized, Volume number italicized(Issue number if non-consecutive pagination), Page numbers. doi: xxxxxxxxxxxx
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24(2), 225-229. doi: 10.1037/027806133.24.2.225
Article without DOI
Elements: Author’s last name, Author’s first and middle initials, & Last names and initials of other authors, if any. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal italicized, volume number italicized(Issue number if non-consecutive pagination), Page numbers. Retrieved from URL to the journal’s homepage
Kelley, H. & Betsalel, K. (2004). Mind’s fire: Language, power, and representations of stroke. Anthropology & Humanism, 29(2), 104-116. Retrieved from http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/&28ISSN%291548-1409
Web Page
Elements: Author (person or organization). (Year published or updated). Title of web page italicized. Retrieved from URL
Boyd, V. (2012). About Zora Neale Hurston. Retrieved from http://zoranealehurston.com/about/
NOTE: If the above example had no author or date, the title of the web page would be moved to the front, and (n.d.) should be used to reflect that no date is available.
About Zora Neale Hurston. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://zoranealehurston.com/about
Built-In Practice: Documenting Sources at the End of Your Paper
Practice documenting sources by creating either a “Reference List” in APA style, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html
Or a “Works Cited” page in MLA Format https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_style_introduction.html
Magazine
Title of article: Left-handed Monkey Wrenchs and assorted Bilge
Title of the magazine: Grote
Name of author: Amanda Huganess
Page Numbers: 45, 47, 89-91
Date; July 5, 1965
Book
Title: Why Tent Stretchers are Useful Things
Publisher: Shovel and Wader Inc.
Place: Backwater, Minnesota
Author: Rohls Canardly
Date: 1890
Book
Title: Muffler Belts and Carbatooters: Imaginings of Youth
Editor: Elrod Elwanger
Place: A strange and mystic land far to the east (New York & San Francisco)
Date: 1969
Publisher: Groovy Printers
Website
Title: How To Use Skyhooks- Advanced Trad and Big Wall Climbing
URL: https://www.vdiffclimbing.com/hook/
Date updated: February 21 2018
Date accessed: December 5 2019
Editor: VDiff
Film
Title: Free Solo
Year: 2018
Directors: Jimmy Chin, Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi.
Stars: Alex Honnold, Tommy Caldwell, Jimmy Chin.
Production Company: Little Monsters Films